SAPD
Sociedad Andaluza
de
Patología Digestiva
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Standards for authors

1. RAPD Objetives and characteristics
2. RAPD Contents
3. Sending manuscripts
4. Writing standards for manuscripts

A. Specific standards for manuscripts writing
- Original research papers
- Thematic reviews
- Clinical cases
- Images of the month
- News and updates in gastroenterology and hepatology
- Letters to the Editor

B. Common standards and other supporting documents
- Units, generic names and abbreviatons
- Bibliographical references
- Figures, photographs, graphs, tables and videos
- Copyright
- Conflict of interest
- Statistics
- Other documents and ethical standards

Downloading documentation
- RAPD Online 2017 Standards for Authors
- Cover letter
- Transfer of copyright form
- Conflict of interest disclosure form
- Permission to use photographs form

1. RAPD Objetives and characteristics

the Revista Andaluza de Patología Digestiva (RAPD) is the official publication of the Andalusian Society of Digestive Diseases (Sociedad Andaluza de Patología Digestiva, SAPD), which since 2007 has been published only in electronic format, under the name of RAPD Online. Its purpose is the dissemination of all epidemiological, clinical, basic and sociological aspects of digestive diseases, through the contributions sent to the journal from Andalusia and the entire Scientific Community. The official language for publication in this magazine is Spanish, but some contributions may be accepted in the author's mother tongue (if English, French or Italian). RAPD Online is published bimonthly, with one of the issues being dedicated especially to the SAPD Annual Meeting and one or more issues per year dedicated to the monographic development of a subject related to digestive diseases (upon decision of the Editorial Board).

All submissions must be original and not being reviewed simultaneously by another journal for publication. Publication of abstracts or posters is not considered duplicate publication. Manuscripts will be evaluated by expert reviewers, appointed by the editorial board, before being accepted for publication, in a process lasting less than 30 days.

2. RAPD Contents

Normal RAPD Online issues include the following sections:

- Original papers on clinical or basic research.
- Thematic reviews on specific aspects of gastroenterology.
- Clinical cases.
- Images of the month.
- News and updates in gastroenterology and hepatology.
- Letters to the Editor.

Other contributions that are considered of interest by the Editorial Board, relating to different aspects of clinical practice in the recent past, biographical comments, or other content of cultural nature, or related to scientific activities developed in any territorial area will be included in specifically designed sections of the RAPD Online.

3. Sending manuscripts

The preferred route for sending manuscripts is through the SAPD website (https://www.sapd.es), by going to the RAPD Online page and clicking on the "Enviar un original" button (Submit an original research paper) located on the same page where you can access the journal. Through it, the Manuscript Centre will be accessed, from which it will be possible to send the manuscripts and all the required documentation. To use this tool, it is necessary to sign up first, as access requires a user name and a password.

If you are already a member of the SAPD, you can use your user name, if not, you can request a user name to access the Manuscript Center through the existing form on the web. You can write to sulime@sulime.net or RAPDonline@sapd.es to solve any problem related to sending manuscripts.

4. Writing standards for manuscripts

The monographic issues, thematic reviews, updates and commented articles will be commissioned by the Editorial Board, but the submission of any of these contributions at the request of an author will be considered and evaluated with great interest by the RAPD Online Management for their inclusion in the journal.

All manuscripts will be subject to specific standards, depending on the type of collaboration, and to common ethical and legal standards.

A. Specific standards for manuscripts writing

They refer to the recommended length and structure of each type of manuscript. As a basic unit of extension for texts, in all contributions, the following features are taken into consideration: pages of 30-31 lines, line spacing 1.5, font size 12, 75-80 characters without spaces per line and a total of 400-450 words per page. The texts should be sent proofread with the spell checker and in a fully editable format for all its contents (main text, figures, keys or captions of figures, tables, graphs, drawings).

ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPERS

original research papers may be up to 12 pages (5.100 words), excluding bibliographic references and captions of figures and tables. It is not recommended that the number of inserted images exceed 10, including tables and figures.

Colour illustrations and videos will not represent an economic charge for the authors, but the insertion of videos, for technical reasons, must be agreed before publishing the manuscript. However, the RAPD Online publishing method allows us to consider, in specific cases, the admission of longer papers, or the inclusion of a larger number of images whenever the characteristics of the material presented require it. It is not advisable to have more than 9 authors in a paper, except in collaborative works. In these original research papers, the first nine authors will be listed at the beginning of the work and the rest of the participants will be listed at the end of the first page of the manuscript.

Through the Manuscript Center, and in order to send an original research paper, you will be required to provide the following information:

- General information:
1 - Full title of the work in Spanish (optional also in English).
2 - Surname and first name of all authors. It is advisable to enter a hyphen between the first and second surname.
3 - Centre(s) of provenance (department, institution, city and country).
4 - Full postal address of the responsible author, to whom correspondence should be addressed, including telephone and fax number and e-mail address.
5 - Declaration on the existence or not of funding for the work or conflicts of interest.

- Main body of the manuscript, which must contain:

1 - Structured abstract in Spanish (optional also in English) and 3-5 keywords. The abstract will have a maximum length of 250 words and should be divided into:

a) Introduction and Objectives
b) Material and Methods
c) Results
d) Conclusions

2 - List of abbreviations used in the text.

3 - Text: it must include the following sections:
a) Introduction
b) Material and Methods
c) Results
d) Discussion
e) Conclusions, each one adequately headed

4 - Bibliography: according to the specifications set out in the group of common standards (See Common Standards and other supporting documents).

5 - Acknowledgements.

6 - Captions of figures.

7 - Text tables and figures.

THEMATIC REVIEWS

the texts on Thematic Reviews may have an extension of up to 15 pages (6.375 words), excluding bibliographic references and the footnotes of figures and tables and chapters corresponding to Updates up to 20 pages (8.500 words). In both cases the number of images inserted must not exceed 15, including tables and figures. However, the RAPD Online publishing method allows us to consider, in specific cases, the admission of longer papers, or the inclusion of a larger number of images whenever the characteristics of the material presented require it.

Illustrations in color will not represent economic charge for the authors. Exceptionally, the inclusion of videos will be allowed. It is not advisable to have more than 4 authors per chapter.

Through the Manuscript Center, and in order to send Thematic Reviews and Updates, authors will be required to provide the following information:

- General information:

1 - Full title of the work in Spanish (optional also in English).

2 - Surname and first name of all authors. It is advisable to enter a hyphen between the first and second surname.

3 - Centre(s) of provenance (department, institution, city and country).

4 - Full postal address of the responsible author, to whom correspondence should be addressed, including telephone and fax number and e-mail address.

5 - Declaration on the existence or not of funding for the work or conflicts of interest.

- Main body of the manuscript, which must contain:

1 - Structured abstract in Spanish (optional also in English) and 3-5 keywords. The abstract will have a maximum length of 250 words.

2 - Text: structured according to the criteria of the author(s), for a better understanding of the topic developed.

3 - Bibliography: according to the specifications set out in the group of common standards (See Common Standards and other supporting documents).

4 - Acknowledgements.

5 - Captions of figures.

6 - Text tables and figures.

7 - Optional, an abstract in Spanish (optional also in English) with a maximum length of 350 words, emphasizing the most outstanding information of the manuscript.

CLINICAL CASES

The manuscripts in this section will include 1-5 clinical cases, which due to the infrequent, unusual nature of their clinical behavior, or for providing some diagnostic or therapeutic novelty, deserve to be communicated.

The length of the texts in the Clinical Cases section should not exceed 5 pages (2.125 words), excluding bibliographic references and captions of figures and tables and the number of images included should not exceed 5, including tables and figures. However, the RAPD Online publishing method allows us to consider, in specific cases, the admission of longer papers, or the inclusion of a larger number of images whenever the characteristics of the material presented require it.

Colour illustrations and videos will not represent an economic charge for the authors, but the insertion of videos, for technical reasons, will be agreed before publishing the clinical case. No more than 5 authors will be admitted, except in specific and reasoned cases.

Through the Manuscript Center, and in order to send a clinical case, you will be required to provide the following information:

- General information:

1 - Full title of the work in Spanish (optional also in English).

2 - Surname and first name of all authors. It is advisable to enter a hyphen between the first and second surname.

3 - Centre(s) of provenance (department, institution, city and country).

4 - Full postal address of the responsible author, to whom correspondence should be addressed, including telephone and fax number and e-mail address.

- Main body of the manuscript, which must contain:

1 - Structured abstract in Spanish (optional also in English) and 3-5 keywords. The abstract will have a maximum length of 250 words.

2 - Introduction. To present the clinical problem reported.

3 - Description of the clinical case.

4 - Discussion. To highlight the peculiarities of the case and its consequences.

5 - Bibliography: according to the specifications set out in the group of common standards (See Common Standards and other supporting documents).

6 - Acknowledgements.

7 - Captions of figures.

8 - Text tables and figures.

IMAGES OF THE MONTH

The manuscripts included in this section can take two formats, according to the preference of the authors.

- Format A. Images with formative value: They will include images of any kind, clinical, radiological, endoscopic, anatomopathological, macro and microscopic, that contribute to the formation of postgraduate studies and therefore deserve to be shown for their peculiarity, or to represent a characteristic example.

- Format B. Key Images for a diagnosis: They will include images of any kind, clinical, radiological, endoscopic, anatomopathological, macro and microscopic, together with a summarized medical history, that raise the possible final diagnostic resolution. This will be presented in a different section in the same issue of the journal.

The length of the texts in the Images of the Month section should not exceed 1 page (425 words), in the clinical description of the image presented and 2 pages (850 words), excluding bibliographic references and the captions of figures and tables, in the commentary on the image (Format A) or in the diagnostic resolution of the case (Format B). However, the RAPD Online publishing method allows us to consider, in specific cases, the admission of longer papers, or the inclusion of a larger number of images whenever the characteristics of the material presented require it. Colour illustrations and videos will not represent an economic charge for the authors, but the insertion of videos, for technical reasons, will be agreed before publishing the images of the month. No more than 3 authors will be admitted, except in specific and reasoned cases.

Through the Manuscript Center, and in order to send an Image of the Month, you will be required to provide the following information:

- General information:

1 - Full title of the work in Spanish (optional also in English).

2 - Surname and first name of all authors. It is advisable to enter a hyphen between the first and second surname.

3 - Centre(s) of provenance (department, institution, city and country).

4 - Full postal address of the responsible author, to whom correspondence should be addressed, including telephone and fax number and e-mail address.

5 - Image of the month format chosen.

- Main body of the manuscript, which must contain:

1 - Structured abstract in Spanish (optional also in English) and 3-5 keywords. The abstract will have a maximum length of 250 words.

2 - Description of the image.

3 - Comments to the image.

4 - Bibliography: according to the specifications set out in the group of common standards (See Common Standards and other supporting documents).

5 - Captions of figures.

NEWS AND UPDATES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY

This section will be dedicated to the commentary of the scientific and medical novelties that have occurred in a recent period in the specialty of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

This section will systematically and periodically analyse all facets of digestive diseases.

The texts on "News in Gastroenterology" may have an extension of up to 5 pages (2.125 words), excluding bibliographic references and the captions of figures and tables added. In both cases the number of images inserted must not exceed 5, including tables and figures. However, the RAPD Online publishing method allows us to consider, in specific cases, the admission of longer papers, or the inclusion of a larger number of images whenever the characteristics of the material presented require it. It is not advisable to have more than 3 authors per chapter.

Through the Manuscript Center, you will be required to provide the following information:

- General information:

1 - Name of the reviewed bibliographic area and period analysed.

2 - Surname and first name of all authors. It is advisable to enter a hyphen between the first and second surname.

3 - Centre(s) of provenance (department, institution, city and country).

4 - Full postal address of the responsible author, to whom correspondence should be addressed, including telephone and fax number and e-mail address.

5 - Declaration on the existence or not of funding for the work or conflicts of interest.

- Main body of the manuscript, which must contain:

1 - Structured abstract in Spanish (optional also in English) and 3-5 keywords. The abstract will have a maximum length of 250 words.

2 - Description of the bibliographic material analysed.

3 - Critical comments on the results contained in the selected works.

4 - Bibliography: According to the specifications set out in the group of common standards (See Common Standards and other supporting documents). If two or more original research papers have been chosen for analysis, it is advisable to divide the section into chapters at the authors' discretion.

5 - Captions of figures.

6 - Text tables and figures.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

This section will be dedicated to comments on any manuscript published in the RAPD Online. In this section, more general comments can also be included, establishing hypotheses and suggestions specific to the authors, within the scientific scope of Gastroenterology. The length of the texts in the Letters to the Editor section should not exceed 2 pages (850 words), including bibliographic references. Two figures or tables may be included and the number of authors must not exceed four.

Through the Manuscript Center, and in order to send a Letter to the Editor, you will be required to provide the following information:

- General information:

1 - Full title of the work in Spanish (optional also in English).

2 - Surname and first name of all authors. It is advisable to enter a hyphen between the first and second surname.

3 - Centre(s) of provenance (department, institution, city and country).

4 - Full postal address of the responsible author, to whom correspondence should be addressed, including telephone and fax number and e-mail address.

5 - Declaration on the existence or not of funding for the work or conflicts of interest.

- Main body of the manuscript, which must contain:

1 - Text of the manuscript.

2 - Bibliography: according to the specifications set out in the group of common standards (See Common Standards and other supporting documents).

B. Common standards and other supporting documents

It refers to the set of mandatory standards, both for uniformity in the presentation of manuscripts, and for compliance with the laws in force. In general, the style of the manuscripts should follow the guidelines established in the Vancouver agreement contained in the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (http://www.ICMJE.orga).

Units, generic names and abbreviations:

- Units: biochemical and hematological parameters shall be expressed in International Units (SI), except hemoglobin which shall be expressed in g/dL. Length, height and weight measurements shall be expressed in units of the Metric System and temperature in degrees Celsius. Blood pressure shall be measured in millimeters of mercury. There is an application available for the conversion of non-international (non-IS) units into international units (SI) (http://www.techexpo.com/techdata/techcntr.html).

- Generic names: generic names of medicines, clinical instruments and tools as well as software should be used. Where a trademark is the subject of research, the trade name and manufacturer's name, city and country shall be included in brackets the first time the generic name is mentioned in the Methods section.

- Abbreviations: abbreviations should be avoided, but if they are to be used, in order not to repeat long technical names, the complete word should appear first in the text, followed by the abbreviation in brackets, which will be used from that moment on in the manuscript.

Bibliographical references: bibliographic references will be presented in order of appearance in the manuscript, assigning a sequential number, which will appear at the appropriate place in the text, in brackets. This numbering will be maintained and will be used to order the listing of all references at the end of the manuscript, as normal text and never as a footnote. Personal communications and unpublished data will not be included in the final list of bibliographic references, although they will be mentioned at the appropriate place in the text, in parentheses, as appropriate, i. e. personal communication, or unpublished data. When a bibliographic reference includes more than 6 authors, the first 6 will be cited, followed by the latter author of the abbreviation et al.

The style of bibliographic references will depend on the type and format of the source quoted:

- Article from a medical journal: journal names will be abbreviated according to the style of the Medicus/Medline Index (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/journals?itool=sidebar).

- Article already published in journals edited on paper and on the Internet: authors (last name and first letter of the first name, comma separation between authors), the full name of the manuscript, the abbreviation of the journal, the year of publication and after a semicolon, the volume of the journal and after a colon the complete numbers of the first and last page of the work will be quoted.

Kandulsky A, Selgras M, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter pylori infection: A Clinical Overview. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:619-626.

Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK,Cancado EL, et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999; 31:929-938.

- Article accepted, published only on the Internet, but not yet included in an issue of the journal: authors, full name of the manuscript, abbreviation of the journal, the year and month from which the article is available on the Internet and DOI. The original work to which reference is made usually details how to quote the said manuscript.

Stamatakos M, Sargedi C, Stefanaki C, Safi oleas C, Matthaiopoulou I, Safi oleas M. Anthelminthic treatment: An adjuvant therapeuticstrategy against Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitol Int (2009), doi:10.1016/j.parint.2009.01.002

Inadomi JM, Somsouk M, Madanick RD, Thomas JP, Shaheen NJ. A cost-utility analysis of ablative therapy for Barrett’sesophagus, Gastroenterology (2009), doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.062.

- Article of a journal that is published only on the Internet, but in a conventional order: authors, full name of the manuscript, abbreviation of the journal (can be added in brackets online), year of publication and after a semicolon the volume of the journal and after a colon the complete numbers of the first and last page of the work will be quoted. If the original work to which reference is made provides the DOI and the Internet address (URL), it can be added at the end of the reference.

Gurbulak B, Kabul E, Dural C, Citlak G, Yanar H,Gulluoglu M, et al. Heterotopic pancreas as a leading point for small-bowel intussusception in a pregnant woman. JOP (Online) 2007; 8:584-587.

Fishman DS, Tarnasky PR, Patel SN, Raijman I. Managementof pancreaticobiliary disease using a new intra-ductal endoscope: The Texas experience. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:1353-1358. Available from: URL: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/15/1353.asp. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.1353

- Article of a journal published only on the Internet, but not conventionally arranged: authors, full name of the manuscript, abbreviation of the journal, year of publication and DOI will be quoted.

Rossi CP, Hanauer SB, Tomasevic R, Hunter JO, Shafran I, Graffner H. Interferon beta-1a for the maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn’s disease: results of a phase II dose-finding study.BMC Gastroenterology 2009, 9:22doi:10.1186/1471-230X-9-22.

- Article published in abstract or in a supplement of a journal: authors (last name and first letter of the first name, comma separation between authors), the full name of the manuscript, the word abstract in square brackets, the abbreviation of the journal, the year of publication and after a semicolon, the volume of the journal followed by the abbreviation Suppl, or Supl in brackets and after a colon the complete numbers of the first and last page of the work will be quoted.

Klin M, Kaplowitz N. Differential susceptibility of hepatocytesto TNF-induced apoptosis vs necrosis [Abstract]. Hepatology 1998; 28(Suppl):310A.

- Books: authors of the book (last name and first letter of the first name, comma separation between the authors), the title of the book, the city where it has been published, the name of the publisher and the year of publication will be quoted.

Takada T. Medical Guideline of Acute Cholangitis and Cholecystitis. Tokyo: Igaku Tosho Shuppan Co; 2005.

- Chapter of a book: authors of the chapter will be quoted (last name and first letter of the first name, comma separation between authors), followed by In: the names of the publishers of the book and, after a period, the name of the book. The city where it has been published, the name of the publisher, the year of publication and after a colon the complete numbers of the first and last page of the work will be quoted.

Siewert JR. Introduction. In: Giuli R, Siewert JR, Couturier D, Scarpignato C, eds. OESO Barrett’s Esophagus. 250 Questions. Paris: Hors Collection, 2003; 1–3.

- Information from a document produced at a meeting: this type of reference should be avoided whenever possible. But if needed to be quoted, the title of the topic discussed, the name of the meeting and the city where it was held will be quoted. The entity organizing the meeting, and the year as well as the electronic address by which the document can be accessed must also be quoted.

U.S. positions on selected issues at the third negotiating session of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Washington, D.C.: Committee on Government Reform, 2002. (Accessed March 4, 2002, at: http://www.house.gov/reform/min/inves_tobacco/index_accord.htm).

Figures, tables and videos:

Iconography, whether photographs, x-rays, diagrams or graphs, will be referred to under the generic name "Figure". References to figures, tables and videos should be highlighted in bold. They shall be numbered with Arabic numerals, according to their order of appearance in the text.

- Photographs: the photographs will be sent in digital TIFF (. TIFF), JPEG (. JPG) or BMP format, in black and white or color, well-contrasted, with an appropriate resolution (preferably 150-300 dots per inch). In the case of JPEG files, the minimum compression should be used to maintain maximum quality, i. e. in a non-reduced size.

X-rays, ultrasound, CT and MRI images should be scanned in gray scale and saved in JPG format if they cannot be obtained directly in electronic format.

Endoscopic imaging and other techniques that generate color images should be scanned in color, if they cannot be obtained directly in electronic format.

Special details will be marked with arrows, using for these and any other type of symbols the maximum contrast in relation to the figure.

LThe files with figures will be identified according to their order of appearance in the text, with the file name, number and surname of the first signatory (e. g.: fig1_Gómez. jpg) or title of the article. Each image must have a descriptive associated figure caption. Figure captions must be given in a separate text document, making clear reference to the figures to which they refer. Images may be inserted into Word/PowerPoint files to facilitate their identification or association with the figure captions, but they should always be sent as separate images in the formats mentioned above.

If patients appear in photographs they should not be identifiable. In the event that this cannot be achieved, the publication of the photograph must be accompanied by a written permission (Photographs Permission Form).

- Diagrams, drawings, graphs and tables: diagrams, drawings, graphs and tables will be sent in digital format, such as high-resolution images or preferably in Word/PowerPoint format with editable text. Diagrams, drawings, graphs or scanned figures from other publications will not be accepted. For diagrams, drawings, graphs, tables or any other figure, black must be used for lines and text and in a light background, preferably white. If it is necessary to use several colors, easily distinguishable ones with high contrast to the background must be used.

Graphs, symbols and letters shall be of sufficient size to be clearly identifiable when reduced. Tables should be done with the tool -Table- (not with the use of tabs and drawing lines or text boxes).

- Videos: Videos must be submitted in AVI or MPEG format, processed with CINEPAC RADIUS or MPEG codecs and with a 720x576 or 320x288 resolution. It is recommended to edit them in order to reduce their duration to 2 minutes maximum. If the video incorporates sound, it must be processed in MP3 format. If the videos to be included are in other formats, please, contact the editorial board to verify if they can be accepted. For the inclusion of videos in articles, you must be authorized beforehand by the editorial committee.

Copyright

The works admitted for publication remain the property of the Sociedad Andaluza de Patología Digestiva and their total or partial reproduction will have to be duly authorized.

The Cover Letter must state the willingness to transfer copyrights to the Sociedad Andaluza de Patología Digestiva. All authors must authorize through the Manuscript Centre the transfer of these rights once the article has been accepted by RAPD Online. Alternatively, a form is available for downloading (Copyrights Transfer Form). This form can be sent by signing and scanning a printed version of the document and e-mailed to RAPD Online.

The signed original form can then be sent by mail to Sulime Diseño de Soluciones, Glorieta Fernando Quiñones, s/n. Edficio Centris. Planta Baja Semisótano, mod. 7A. 41940 Tomares. Seville. Spain.

Conflict of interests

There is a conflict of interests when an author (or the author's Institution), reviewer, or editor has, or has had in the last 3 years, economic or personal relationships with other persons, institutions, or organizations that may unduly influence their activity.

Authors must declare conflicts of interests through the Manuscript Center during the submission process, but are not required to submit a Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form when submitting the manuscript. This form will be required later, whenever necessary, if the manuscript is accepted.

Scholarships and grants with which the authors have had to carry out the research must be specified at the end of the manuscript under the heading Acknowledgements.

Statistics

RAPD Online does not require an exhaustive description of the statistical methods used in carrying out a research study, but it does specify certain requirements that must appear in the manuscripts as standards of good practice. A basic document on this subject can be found at: Bailar JC III, Mosteller F. Guidelines for statistical reporting in articles for medical journals: amplifications and explanations (http://www.sapd.es/public/guidelines_statistical_articles_medical_journals.pdf). Ann Intern Med 1988; 108:266-73.

- The statistical methods used, as well as the software and the name of the software used must be clearly stated in the Material and Methods Section.

To express mean, standard deviation and standard error, the following formats must be used: "mean (SD)" and "mean ± SE". To express the median, the values of the interquartile range (IQR) must be used.

- The P must be used in capital letters, reflecting the exact value and expressions such as less than 0.05, or less than 0.0001 should be avoided.

- Whenever possible, findings (means, percentages, odds ratios and others) should be quantified and presented with appropriate error indicators, such as confidence intervals.

- Studies showing levels of statistical significance should include the calculation of sample size. Authors should state research losses, such as dropouts from clinical trials.

Other documents and ethical standards:

- Human research: publications on human research should show in a prominent place in the original paper that: a) written informed consent has been obtained from each patient, b) The study protocol conforms to the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 (https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/) and has been approved by the ethical committee of the institution where the study was conducted.

- Animal research: experimental animal studies must show in a prominent place in the original paper that they receive care according to the criteria outlined in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" written by the National Academy of Sciences and published by the National Institutes of Health (http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/labrats).

- Controlled clinical trials: the development of controlled clinical trials should follow the CONSORT standard, available at: http://www.consort-statement.org and be registered before patient inclusion begins.

- Data obtained by microarray: data must be sent to a repository such as Gene Expression Omnibus or ArrayExpress before submission of the manuscript.

- Data protection: the personal data requested from authors will be used by the Sociedad Andaluza de Patología Digestiva (SAPD) for the sole purpose of managing the publication of the article submitted by the authors and accepted to be published in the RAPD Online. Unless otherwise specified, when submitting the article, the authors expressly authorize that their data relating to name, surname, institutional postal address and e-mail address be published in the RAPD Online, possibly in the annual abstracts published by the SAPD on CD format, as well as in the SAPD website and in Medline, or other bibliographic search agencies, to which RAPD Online may have access.

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