Microscopic colitis

Abstract

Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, primarily presenting with persistent diarrhea. This term refers to two specific subtypes: lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. Both have seen a rise in incidence and prevalence in recent years. Although the exact cause is still unknown, research has identified several risk factors that can help guide the diagnosis. The condition is typically diagnosed through colonoscopy and confirmed by specific histological findings from colon biopsies, as other diagnostic tests mainly serve to exclude alternative causes. Budesonide is the treatment of choice for inducing remission, and in many cases, long-term maintenance therapy is also required. This discussion will emphasize the latest updates in microscopic colitis, focusing on practical applications. We will particularly highlight recent clinical guidelines and the importance of close collaboration between Gastroenterology and Pathology in managing this condition.

Keywords: microscopic colitis, lymphocytic colitis, collagenous colitis, chronic diarrhea, colonoscopy, colon biopsies.